How-to: Setup apache for a multi user shared hosting environment

Basic setup of a multi user hosting environment on Ubuntu or Debian.

This is a very simple, minimal and safe setup which allows users to have their own web sites hosted in a central web server. The main advantage of this method is that it is very secure.

The main features of this setup are the following:
  • Each user has his own home directory
  • Each user can have one or more websites hosted
  • Web server does not need extra configuration regarding users, groups etc.
  • Users are owners of their website(s) and can connect and modify their sites at will.
  • Users can only view the web directories that they own.
  • Simple and fast setup

Steps

  1. Login as root
  2. sudo su -
  3. Create user with his own home dir
  4. useradd -s /bin/bash -m -d /home/<username> <username>
  5. Assign a password to the user
  6. passwd <username>
  7. Create virtual host's directory and set permission to user and group. 
  8. mkdir -m o-rwx /var/vhosts/<site>
    
  9. Change ownership of vhost directory
  10. chown -R <username>:<username> /var/vhosts/<site>
    
  11. Add apache user www-data to user's group
  12. usermod -a -G <username> www-data
    
    The statement above gives apache web server the required permissions in order to run effectively all of the user's websites.
  13. Check the groups that the user www-data belongs to:
  14. root# groups www-data
    www-data : www-data <username> ...
    
  15. Create virtual host or virtual directory apache configration
    • Virtual directory setup
    •         Alias /<subsite> /var/vhosts/<site>
              <Directory /var/vhosts/<site>
                      Options None
                      AllowOverride All
                      Order allow,deny
                      Allow from all
              </Directory>
      
    • Virtual host setup. Let's assume <site> is example.com. A sample config virtual host config could be similar to the configuration below:
    •         <VirtualHost *:80>
      
              ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
              DocumentRoot /var/vhosts/example.com
              ServerName www.example.com
      
              <Directory />
                      Options FollowSymLinks
                      AllowOverride None
              </Directory>
              <Directory /var/vhosts/example.com>
                      Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                      AllowOverride All
                      Order allow,deny
                      allow from all
              </Directory>
      
              CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com.access.log combined
              ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/example.com.error.log
      
              # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
              # alert, emerg.
              LogLevel warn
      
      </VirtualHost>
  16. Reload/Restart apache
  17. service apache2 reload
    In case reload doesn't work (although it should) try restart:
    service apache2 restart
  18. Ready!

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